Chimney



J. LEEDS.'

Chimney.

Patented March '8, 1859.

No. A23,179.

z 4. M7 W j W w A W f f UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH LEEDS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

CHIMNEY.

Specificaton of Letters Patent No. 23,179, dated March 8, 1859.

To all 'wii-0m tt may camera:

Be it known that I, JosnPI-r nnns, of the city and county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Construction of Chimneys; and do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and eXact description of the construction and operaton of the same, reference being had to the accompanying` drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1, represents a Vertical section through the chimney taken in the plane of its greatest breadth. Fig. 2, represents a Vertical transverse section. Fig. 3, represents a horzontal section taken through the line a; w of Figs. 1 and 2, and Fig. 4, represents a section taken horizontally through the inner metal chimney.

Similar letters of reference where they occur in the several figures, denote like parts in all of them.

The object of my invention is to make a chimney which shall serve vthe purpose of carrying off the gases, of ventilating or heating the several apartments of a house, and as a protection against the dangers of fire. And the nature of my invention consists in so arranging an iron chimney, composed of Sections, within a stack or outer chimney of brick, stone, or other material of which chimneys are or may be built, as that the space between said inner and outer chimney, may be used as ducts or flues, for heating or ventilating, or both, the several a partments, in the several stories of a house, as will be described. y

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to descrloe the same with reference to the drawings.

A represents an outer Stack or chimney. which may be built of brick or stone, and in any of the ordinary shapes or forms that, are given to chimneys, though I have represented one as rectangular. The inner iron chimney B need not commence at the base of the Stack or outer chimney, but may start from the first floor of the building, and may be commenced on, and supported by, brackets built into the outer chimney, or the llower section of the inner chimney may have flanges or projections cast or wrought upon it, by which it, as wellas the upper sections may be supported. An end view (or a section) through one of the cast iron sections which I prefer to use, will give a more full, clear, and explicit understanding of its Shape and construction. By reference to Fig. 3, the brick-work that constitutes the outer chimney or stack (A) can be seen on all four of the sides of the inner cast iron chimney B. In this figure, B, represents the gas fiue, which occupies a central position within the space inclosed by the brick walls. D, represents the back fiue, which may extend from the cellar or lower' apartment, to nearly the top of the inner chimney. E, F, represent the side flues, which may be used for either hot air fiues, or for yentilating flues or changed at pleasure from one to the other.

The cast iron Sections B, Fig. 4, have four flanges 1, 2, 3, 4, cast upon them. A convenient length or height for these Sections is 18 or 20 inches, but of course they may be of greater or less height. They are placed one section on top of the other, and to make tight joints between the Sections, fianges, laps, or tongues and grooves may be cast upon their edges, for making a sand-joint, or for containing 'cement of any kind, that will Serve the purpose. It will thus be Seen that the flanges 1, 2, which extend out to the brickwork, formwith the back of the brickwork or outer chimney, the flue D. The fianges 1, 3, in a similar manner form the side flue E; and the flanges 2, 4, form the side flue F, and those 3, 4, form the front fiue or duct G. The gas fiue B, is .thus surrounded by the fiues D, E, F, G, while Said gas fiue, is entirely separated from its surrounding fiues or ducts. But while thus separated, it radiates its heat, which it receives from the smoke and heated gases, into the surrouncling ducts, rarefying the air in them, and thus causing draft sufficient in said fiues, to draw through suitable registers the air from any apartn'xent connected with said flues or ducts, and which accelerated draft, may (as will be -eXplai11ed) be afterward used to aid that through the gas flue B.

It is not necessary that, the fianges 1., 2, 3, 4, should extend into, or be connected in any permanent manner, with the brickwork. On the contrary, in the lines in which these fianges ab ut, or meet the brickwork plates or `stri ps of metal may be placed to avoid any and all friction, when the cast iron chimney expands or contracts by changes of heat and cold which of course it will do to a certain extent, and thus lengthen or shorten.

The brickwork surrounding the air ducts or flues, may be whitewashed, and thus made smooth, tight, and clean, and suitable for their several purposes. The air ducts have no connection, or communication with each other, and thus one or more may be used for ventilating purposes, while the others may be used for conveying heated air into the apartments. And by adding other flanges to the cast iron Sections other subdivisions of these flues may be made if desired, as the flanges overlie each other, and in carrying up the inner chimney the flues are continued up with it. In addition to their usefulness, as ventilating or hot' air flues, these outer flues isolate the gas and smoke fiue, entirely from the brick work, and thus make the chimney proof against the accidents of fire, as there' is no possible way for the gases to reach'the brickwork, and thence through the bricks and mortar, to the joists, or other Wood work of the building. It is known that, the carbonic acid gas generated in burning fuel, will not only penetrate and eat holes in the brickwork of a chimney, but is very destructive on mortar, and that many fires are caused by these holes leading to the joists or woodwork of a building. Such a thing could not happen with my construction of chimney.

The top of the interior chimney should be below that of the outer chimney-the difference in their respective heights depending upon the height of the building-but the inner chimney should always extend a short distance above the upper floor of the building. ,And the extreme top of the inner chimney, I make fiaring, as shown at I-I, so as to shut off, or close up the surrounding fiue passages or ducts, which at that point, or a little below that point, are carried into, the gas fiue-as for instance the flue D, enters at a, Fig. 2, there being a coving o, extending over the fiue, so as to 'turn all ascending currents into the gas tlue, at' that point. The front flue G, enters the gas flue at c, there being a weighted valve (Z, at said opening c, that may be closed by a rod, if desired, but which um'estrained always keeps said passage open. The side ducts E, F, enter the gas flue respectively at the points e, f, where weighted valves g, are placed, that may be regulated, or closed, by a rod h, and lever or handle if desirable at any time to do so, but which also unrestrained will continue always open. And fianges or covings c, above these openings turn all the ascending currents into them.V

Z, is a damper in the gas fiue. It may have an opening'm, in it, so that when turned square across the gas fiue, there will still be passage enough or a slight draft.

The lower end of the interior chimney may be contracted as at I, Fig. 1, the sides sloping as there shown so that anything dropping down the fiue, may not lie or stop in the fiue, butbe conducted out.

On each story of the building, I put in a pipe or tube n leading from the face of the n'ickwork, through the front fiue G, and into the gas fiue B. This is done so that if at any time a gas or other pipe should be required leading from an apartment directly into said gas flue, it can be readily done. lVhen not used this -opening may be ornamentally covered. This opening may have an inner and an outer tube in it, the inner one capable of sliding in the outer one, so as to make them capable of receiving and making a good connection with any gas pipe, and the gas flue.

I have shown in the drawings several ways of connecting registers with these ventilating or heating duets or passages, viz: at 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. But this may be done in a variety of ways, either at the floors, or at the ceilings, 01' at points intermediate between them; and as the registers do not constitute any part of this invention I shall not particularly describe them, as they are shown in the drawings, and besides the registers, which I prefer, constitute the subject' matter of another application f-or Letters Patent.

The bringing in, of all the ascending currents in the several ducts, to the gas fiue at its top serves to increase the draft through said gas fiue, and thus combustion may go on, and be regulated as may most tend to an economical consumption of fuel. The ducts in which the registers 5, 6, are placed may extend into the room any distance, so as to ventilate the room at any point desired..

I-Iaving thus fully described the nature and object' of my invention what I claim therein as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- In combination, with an outer chimney or casing A, and an inner passage B, two or more ducts or passages between the two, for heat, Ventilation or draft, when said inner passages or fiues are made by setting on top of each other, iron sections with fianges upon them, substantially as herein described.

JOSEPH LEEDS.

Titnesses z I A. B. S'roUoI-rron, TI-Ios. I-IUPrnRMAN. 

